The presence of an inflammatory process in schizophrenia was first reported in 1997, when Maes et al. [2] showed increased plasma levels of complement component 3 (C3C) and C4, positive acute phase proteins, including haptoglobin (Hp) [2], and interleukin (IL)-6 [3], one of the cytokines which initiates the acute phase response in schizophrenia. The gene discussed is C3; the disease is schizophrenia.