PFKFB3 and glioblastoma: Ras signaling inhibition using Ras antagonist trans-farnesylthiosalicylic acid in murine glioblastoma cells showed downregulation of HIF-1α and PFKFB3 with subsequent loss of glycolysis and diminished cell viability [9] The PFKFB3 promoter also contains consensus response elements for the transcriptional factors estradiol [40] and progestin [41].