Downstream signaling pathways such as JAK/STAT, NF-κB, and NLRP3 as well as cytokine targets such as IL-6, IL-1 β, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-12/23, IL-17A, GM-CSF (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor) are being explored for treating COVID-19 induced cytokine storm [29]. This evidence concerns the gene CSF2 and COVID-19.