In contrast with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), where there is a reduced number of nestin+ MSCs [161], there is an enrichment of nestin+ cells in AML bone marrow, and this enrichment is essential for the viability and proliferation of AML cells in vitro and in vivo [160,162]. The gene discussed is NES; the disease is chronic myelogenous leukemia, BCR-ABL1 positive.