DDX41 and Bloom syndrome: AML has been associated with risk factors such as old age, male gender, smoking, chemicals (e.g., benzene and formaldehyde), genetic disorders (e.g., Fanconi anemia (FA) and Bloom syndrome), radiation, AML familial history (mutations in GATA Binding Protein 1 (GATA1), DEAD-box helicase 41 (DDX41), runt-related transcription factor1 (RUNX1), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (CEBPA), and Ankyrin repeat domain 26 (ANKRD26)), as well as chemotherapeutic agents (alkylating agents and topoisomerase II inhibitors) [21].