TGFB1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: TANs secreting TGF-β and BMP2 were found to be involved in the dedifferentiation of HCC cells into the CSC phenotype through upregulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway [115,125], and HCC-derived CXCL5 was responsible for chemotactic recruitment of TANs to increase infiltration (Figure 2) [125].