In an apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE−/−) mouse model of hyperlipidemia, treatment with recombinant IL-1β increased the VSMC transcription of osteogenic factors, such as RUNX2, MSX2, SOX9, and OSX, and in a cell culture matrix, IL-1β increased calcium deposition into the extracellular matrix in a dose-dependent manner [28]. The gene discussed is APOE; the disease is hyperlipidemia.