Notably, a pro-inflammatory activity for miR-136-5p has been reported: its overexpression, in rats, under non-cancer-related inflammatory conditions, caused the release of interleukin 1 beta (IL1β), IL6, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon alpha (IFNα), ikappaB-alpha kinase beta (IKKβ), via NF-κB activation [40,41]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is cancer.