Initial attempts of making cancer vaccines were focused on tumor-associated antigens: self-antigens that are expressed in tumors but also (i) in germline tissues with only a very limited expression in adult tissues (e.g., NY-ESO-1 and MAGE-A3), (ii) in differentiated tissues from which the tumor originates (MART-1 and CD19), and (iii) in normal tissues at a lower expression than that of the tumor (HLA-A*02:01). The gene discussed is HLA-A; the disease is neoplasm.