PD1 and PDL1 inhibitors, such as nivolumab and pembrolizumab, have proven to be effective (ORR 15–20% with a 1–5% of complete responses, and prolonged survival) as both first and second line (after sorafenib) treatments of HCC in phase I/II studies, even though the data were not confirmed in terms of OS and PFS combined end-points in phase III studies [185,186,187]. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.