CSF1R and carcinoma: We observed that in ER-positive cases, concomitant high expression of CSF-1R on carcinoma cells and macrophages is associated with significantly poorer clinical outcome (HR 1.57, 95% CI 1.13–2.17; p = 0.006), compared to ER-negative cases (HR 1.09, 95% CI 0.75–1.57; p = 0.66) (Figure 5A,B).