BRAF and cutaneous melanoma: For instance, the majority of cutaneous melanoma harbor mutations of B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase (BRAF), NRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase (NRAS) and neurofibromin 1 (NF1) as well as loss of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) encoding P16NK4a.