In vitro and in vivo studies in humans strongly indicate that DM is associated, in a proportional way to glycemic control, with a higher expression of pro-inflammatory mediators in periodontal tissue (TNF-α, IL-6, -8, -10, -12, α1β, substance P, eotaxin, macrophage inflammatory protein 1a, GM-CSF, MMP-1, ICAM1, RANKL, PGE2, Toll-like receptor-2, -4, and -9, caspase 3) and with the activation of the Th-17 pathway [44,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67]. Here, TNFSF11 is linked to diabetes mellitus.