APP and Alzheimer disease: For example, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers associated with cognitive performance which may reflect neurodegeneration (T-tau, NFL, NSE, VILP-1), APP metabolism (Aβ42, Aβ40, Aβ38, sAPPα, and sAPPβ), tangle pathology (P-tau), glial activation (YKL-40, MCP-1, and GFAP), and synaptic dysfunction (neurogranin, SNAP-25, GAP43) were identified in AD [5,6].