MAPK8 and Parkinson disease: Therefore, several studies asserted that flavonoids and phenolic compounds might be useful in the prevention/treatment of PD by targeting mitochondria and related apoptotic/oxidative mediators, including MMP, ROS, Nrf2/ARE, NO, JNK, p38MAPK, Bcl-2/Bax ratio, PI3K/Akt, nuclear factor Kappa-B (NF-κB), PGC-1α and the activity of complexes I, II, and IV.