In this line, the activity of complexes I-V, MMP, PINK1/parkin, ROS, NO, Bcl-2/Bax ratio, PGC-1α, pAMPK, α7-nAChRs, and SIRT1, Nrf2/ARE, JNK/p38MAPK, IKK/NF-κB, PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β, VDAC1, and STAT3/NF-κB are modulated by phytochemicals passing through the mitochondria toward the treatment/prevention of PD (Figure 4). The gene discussed is VDAC1; the disease is Parkinson disease.