TNF and narcolepsy: Clinical studies of sleep disorders, including narcolepsy (characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness), sleep/wakefulness fragmentation, hallucinations, sleep paralysis, and nocturnal sleep conditions, show that patients with narcolepsy have high levels of IL-6 and TNFα subtly deregulated in plasma and LCR, consistent with markers of microglia reactivity [170,171] and low levels of chemokine receptor type 1 and type 3 (CCR1 and CCR3) derived from the microglia /macrophages in samples of peripheral blood [172,173].