BCR and chronic myelogenous leukemia, BCR-ABL1 positive: miRNA-203 is silenced in CML due to genetic and epigenetic (promoter CpG hypermethylation) mechanisms [157], where a correlation between hypermethylation and decrease expression of miRNA-203 in BCR-ABL1 positive CML cell lines but not in hematopoietic neoplasms without ABL1 alterations [157].