TGFB1 and neoplasm: Compared to bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs), CA-MSCs had higher capacity for the production of immunosuppressive cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β, growth factors (monocytes colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and chemokine (CCL2) and had increased tumor-promoting ability [17].