IL1B and infection due to clostridium perfringens: The results of mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines in IPEC-J2 cells showed that L. plantarum Lac16 could significantly elevate mRNA expression levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 (p < 0.05; Figure 5B,C), while C. perfringens infection sharply elevated gene expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α much more (p < 0.01; Figure 5A–D), which was significantly alleviated by preincubation with L. plantarum Lac16 (p < 0.05), especially for IL-8 and TNF-α (p < 0.001).