PRTN3 and rheumatoid arthritis: In a female population of first-degree relatives of patients with RA, ACPA positivity was associated with menopause [83]; mechanistically, a decrease in estrogens may create a proinflammatory state characterized by low antibody sialylation as a consequence of downregulation of the enzyme β-galactoside α2,6-sialyltransferases 1 in plasmablasts [84].