In several human tumors NGAL levels are up-regulated by NF-κB: prostate cancer growth, progression and sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs are regulated in part by NGAL through NF-κB activation [54]; HER-2 and MUC4 up-regulates NGAL mRNA in breast and pancreatic cancer cells, respectively, in a NF-κB-dependent fashion [55,56]; blocking NF-κB activity in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells determines the dramatic drop of NGAL expression and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays show a direct binding of the p65/p50 NF-κB heterodimer to the NGAL promoter [37]. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and prostate carcinoma.