The role of NGAL in tumor microenvironment has been investigated in pancreatic cancer too: in a genetic mouse model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) NGAL depletion determined a decline of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) lesions that represent a histologically well-defined precursor to invasive PDAC, and a delay of tumor mass formation in a syngeneic orthotopic PDAC model. The gene discussed is LCN2; the disease is pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.