LCN2 and cancer: In fact, while a number of evidences substantiated the role of neoplastic cells-released NGAL in the progression of different human tumors, such as oral [61], thyroid [45], gastric [62], brain [63], endometrial [64] and prostate [54] cancers, during recent years several findings have helped to elucidate the contribution of stromal cells-released NGAL to the multiple activities of tumor microenvironment, extending the pivotal role of NGAL particularly in cancer advancement.