Experimental studies using human and mouse PC cell lines (derived from either androgen-sensitive or androgen-resistant tumors) revealed that the JAK/STAT, ERK/MEK, Akt-mTOR, NF-kB, and WNT intracellular pathways were involved in PD-L1 upregulation in PC. This evidence concerns the gene MAP2K7 and pachyonychia congenita.