The current study on PKP showed similar trends in EK: First, in human participants, PAS formation after PKP was associated with high preoperative AqH levels of IL-6, MCP-1 and IFN-γ, and secondly, in an animal model that develops iris atrophy with age, PAS develops with the elevation of AqH IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF-α, MCP-1 and GM-CSF. Here, TNF is linked to gonorrhea.