CASP3 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Polyphyllin D derived Paris polyphylla induces ER stress and cell death via GRP78, CHOP, and caspase-3 cleavage in the NSCLC cell line NCI-H460; furthermore, the Saussurea lappa and Aucklandia lappa derivative dehydrocostuslactone mediates ER stress and cell death by activating PERK–CHOP and IRE-1–JNK signaling pathways and inducing ROS and Ca2+ release in the NSCLC cell line A549 and NCI-H460 [30,31].