No or very weak expression (IRS < 3) was found in glioblastomas, follicular thyroid carcinomas, gastrointestinal stromal tumours, hepatocellular and cholangiocellular carcinomas, renal clear cell cancer, urinary bladder cancer, pheochromocytomas, endometrial cancer, prostate and testicular cancer and sarcomas (Table 1). The gene discussed is IARS1; the disease is hereditary pheochromocytoma-paraganglioma.