No or very weak expression (IRS < 3) was found in glioblastomas, follicular thyroid carcinomas, gastrointestinal stromal tumours, hepatocellular and cholangiocellular carcinomas, renal clear cell cancer, urinary bladder cancer, pheochromocytomas, endometrial cancer, prostate and testicular cancer and sarcomas (Table 1). This evidence concerns the gene IARS1 and pheochromocytoma.