CXCL8 and Oral leukoplakia: Elevated IL-8 concentrations have been described in patients with premalignant lesions such as lichen planus, oral leukoplakia, and oral submucosal fibrosis [47], and elevated concentrations of IL-6 and IL-8 in saliva and serum have been associated with reduced survival and an increased recurrence rate in OSCC [48].