TNF and neoplasm: Here, cancer cells which sustain the survival of the tumour secrete different growth factors such as TGF-β1, epidermal growth factor (EGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) which allow the differentiation of these cell populations into CAFs.