ELN and pulmonary emphysema: Elastin fiber assembly impairment in newborn rats due to copper deficiency [159] or the administration of beta-Aminopropionitrile (beta APN) [160], which interferes with the synthesis of elastin and collagen by inhibiting LOX, results in the impairment of alveolar septa formation and the simplification of the alveoli by the type of emphysema.