While anti-thrombotic and anti-inflammatory properties of hPMSCs-derived ACE2 in the setting of brain vascular endothelium or SARS-CoV-2 infection have not yet been tested, this previously understudied effect of ACE2, and ACE2 products, remains an extremely important axis that may be exploited therapeutically, for example, to treat COVID-19 patients using hPMSCs that express, and are a source of, ACE2. Here, ACE2 is linked to COVID-19.