This is a pertinent questions because, besides the TGFB-SMAD pathway, other types of cell signaling, including PI3K-AKT, MAPK, and RHO GTPase cascades [105] are also key mediators to activate the EMT and they all have close interactions with autophagy [106]; thus, it is possible that autophagy either acts in parallel with one or more of these pathways or they function together to form a network regulating cancer cell EMT. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is cancer.