MAPT and Cognitive impairment: The neuropathology of AD is characterized by progressive cognitive impairment and memory decline, which has been correlated with the presence of extracellular deposition of amyloid-β plaques (Aβ, aggregation of β-amyloid peptides) and intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs, aggregation of hyperphosphorylated tau protein) that compromise synaptic integrity and homeostasis, leading to irreversible damage in specific brain regions such as the hippocampus and the cortex [96].