In contrast, triptolide and Salmonella VNP20009 combination relied on enhanced Salmonella-mediated direct tumor lysis as triptolide substantially inhibited neutrophil infiltration along with reduced production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines (IL-6, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-12p70, IL-17, IL-13, G-CSF, GM-CSF, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, KC, and eotaxin) in the TME [125]. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and neoplasm.