In a cohort of 594 patients with NAFLD and 391 with NAFLD-HCC from three European centers, the PDCD-1 rs7421861 was independently associated with NAFLD-HCC whereas the rs10204525 polymorphism reached significance after adjustment for confounding factors and more so in the smaller numbers of women with NAFLD-HCC. Here, PDCD1 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.