In the cancer microenvironment and oxidative stress, as shown in Figure 3, the NF-κB pathway prevents cell death via the activation of target genes, such as pro-survival genes (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, survivin), cell cycle genes, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), inflammatory cytokines, tumour metastasis genes, COX-2 and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) synthesis responses involving the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway [7,22]. The gene discussed is NOS2; the disease is cancer.