TXNIP and inflammatory response: However, in both the experimental animal models and H292 cell lines, melatonin reduced the activation of TXNIP/MAPK/AP1 signalling associated with SiONP exposure, resulting in a decline in the production of inflammatory mediators and the eventual reduction of lung inflammation, thus indicating that melatonin acts as a TXNIP inhibitor and can effectively inhibit the lung inflammation associated with SiONPs.