PPARG and cancer: Lycopene, a natural carotenoid known to prevent the development of several types of cancers, has been shown to activate PPARγ in esophageal cancer cell line EC109, and to inhibit, at appropriate doses, the esophageal carcinogenesis induced by methylbenzylnitrosamine in rat, via the reduction of oxidative stress-mediate MDA formation and of pro-inflammatory cytokine level [181,182].