Components of inflammatory pathways, including free radicals, cytokines, nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB), signal transduction and transcriptional activator 3 (STAT3), iNOS, COX-2, prostaglandin, and VEGF, have been proven to be associated with the development of numerous malignant tumors, including ovarian cancer. This evidence concerns the gene PTGS2 and ovarian cancer.