ACTB and malaria: To optimize the multiplex malaria Pan/Pf/Pv/IC LAMP primer set, different concentration ratios of the malaria Pan, Pf, Pv, and IC primer sets (1:1:1:1, 1:1:2:1, and 1:2:2:1, respectively) were evaluated against the synthetic malaria Pan, P. falciparum, P. vivax, and human actin beta vectors (107 copies; ratio of 1:1:1:1) (Figure 1A).