TNF and enteritis: In a similar experiment, the low-molecular-weight form of β-glucan had a positive effect on the colon tissue of rats with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced enteritis, resulting in changes in the levels of IL-10, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), as well as the number of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) and lamina propria lymphocytes (LPLs) [25].