SNCA and Parkinson disease: PD-associated mitochondrial dysfunction presents with a variety of molecular events, including impaired mitochondrial biogenesis, increased release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), defective mitophagy and trafficking, electron transport chains (ETC) dysfunction, variations in mitochondrial dynamics, calcium (Ca2+) imbalance, neuroinflammation, and possible indirect influences on mitochondrial homeostasis from presumably unrelated pathways (e.g., α-synuclein deposition) [8].