DYRK1A and Alzheimer disease: DYRK1A additionally contributes to neurodegeneration and AD pathology by a hyperphosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein TAU, priming it to phosphorylation by GSK3 and leading to MAPT/TAU self-aggregation and the appearance of neurotoxic fibrillary tangles [64,128,129,190].