Additionally, the protective effects of SCFAs against mastitis have been intensively studied, including decreasing rumen epithelium lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels [49], inhibiting the production of proinflammatory cytokines and the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway [49,50], and protecting against LPS-induced mastitis by inhibiting histone deacetylases [50,51]. Here, NFKB1 is linked to mastitis.