TGFB1 and neoplasm: In a clinical trial for metastatic breast cancer, patients who had at least three distinct sites of metastasis and tumor progression after the first line of therapy were randomized to receive 1 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg of the TGF-β–blocking antibody fresolimumab every 3 weeks for five cycles, with focal radiotherapy to a metastatic site at week 1 (three doses of 7.5 Gy).