SOD1 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Mutations in the gene encoding for the antioxidant superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and abnormalities found in genes such as TAR-DNA binding protein 43 (TDP43), fused in sarcoma (FUS), ubiquilin 2, vesicle-associated membrane protein B (VAPB), and valosin containing protein (VCP), are all associated with ALS.