Moreover, a monoclonal antibody against TGF-β1, 2 and 3 (fresolimumab), vaccines targeting TGF-β signaling (LucanixTM, FANGTM), and a small molecule inhibitor of the TGF-β receptor I (galunisertib) are in clinical trials for the treatment of NSCLC [20]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.