Intrauterine growth restriction skeletal muscle also exhibited reduced content of the insulin-sensitive glucose transporter, Glut4, before and after birth (Limesand et al., 2007; Yates et al., 2019), likely due to epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation at the Glut4 promoter region or histone modifications (Raychaudhuri et al., 2008; Wang et al., 2016). Here, SLC2A4 is linked to fetal growth restriction.