TNF and asthma: Results showed adequate adherence was associated with lower levels of CRP (Agostinis-Sobrinho et al., 2019; Sureda et al., 2018), IL-6, and TNF-α (Carvalho et al., 2018), and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) (Arouca et al., 2018) in healthy males and females, and IL-17 (Douros et al., 2019) in both males and females with asthma.