TLR2 and necrotizing enterocolitis: Oral administration of B. bifidum OLB 6378 to rats activates Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR-2) to reduce apoptosis in the intestinal epithelium in necrotizing enterocolitis (Khailova et al., 2010), and cell-surface β-glucan/galactan of B. bifidum PRI1 induces regulatory T cells through a partially TLR-2-mediated mechanism (Verma et al., 2018).