Having identified that reactive astrocytes upregulate NogoA in the marmoset 1-week post-stroke (Fig. 1f, i; 2a–c), and given that this had not been previously described in rodent literature, we sought to investigate astrocytic NogoA expression at the equivalent post-stroke time point of 3 and 7 DPI in mouse and marmoset, respectively16–18. Here, RTN4 is linked to stroke disorder.