STAT3 and glioblastoma: Curcumin inhibits STAT3 and induces the apoptosis of human glioblastoma and squamous carcinoma cells.510,511 In addition to direct inhibition of STAT3, curcumin diminishes the expression of STAT3 and STAT6 by upregulating SOCS1, SOCS3, and PIAS3.512,513 FLLL11, FLLL12, FLLL32, and FLLL62 are generated from curcumin and possess better biochemical properties than curcumin.