HMGB1 and Sepsis: HMGB1 functions were determined by the types of post-translational modification, sites of activation, sources of cell types, and redox states.111,170 Various studies have demonstrated HMGB1’s role in regulating inflammasome activation, autophagy, cell survival, coagulation, and innate immunity by using sepsis model,171 suggesting the potentially multifaceted roles of HMGB1 in sepsis pathogenesis.